Multifunctional in-vitro biological evaluation of therapeutic and vector control potential for a novel polymeric sodium ferric EDTA complex

The novel polymeric sodium ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid monohydrate complex (FEM) was synthesized, and multifunctional biological activities were evaluated, exhibiting strong metal–ligand interactions, with enhanced stability and bioactivity. The development of safer and multipurpose metalloids with enhanced biocompatibility and efficacy is crucial in bridging the gap between various pharmaceutical applications and iron homeostasis control. The complex showed potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, producing inhibition zones of 22–25 mm at 100 µL; demonstrating promising antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-phenylhydrazin (DPPH) assay (IC50 = 50.32 µg/mL); and showing significant antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase (IC50 > 500 µg/mL) and β-galactosidase (IC50 < 10 µg/mL). The complex showed selective cytotoxicity toward Hep-G2 cells (IC50 = 7.398 µg/mL), exhibiting notable anticoagulant activity in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay and achieving 100% larvicidal mortality at 500 µg/mL, highlighting its potential as a multifunctional candidate for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.