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The paper describes the modelling of an untransposed transmission line with frequency-dependent parameters, and its implementation in an existing electromagnetic transient program based on the method of Bergeron. Only relatively short lines are used in this paper. To diminish the computation time, it is favourable to calculate the voltages and currents in a modal system; this is only possible if one tolerates certain approximations, which are dependent on the transmission-line geometry.
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Bergmann et al. (1979) studied this question.
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