Comparing Patency of Pulmonary Stent Implantation and Balloon Angioplasty in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is an insidious diagnosis associated with morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic therapy may suffice initially, but advanced stages demand mechanical intervention. Pulmonary stent implantation (PSI) and pulmonary balloon angioplasty (PBA) are common strategies, both carrying restenosis risks. This meta‐analysis compares PSI and PBA to determine the superior revascularization strategy. We systematically searched databases until November 2023, identifying 11 studies with 780 patients. Studies, including those involving patients undergoing balloon angioplasty (BA) or stent angioplasty (SA) for PVS, were selected. Case reports, editorials, and cross‐sectional studies were omitted. Primary outcomes included restenosis requiring reintervention, 5‐year freedom from restenosis, and procedure‐related complications. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Meta‐regression analysis assessed factors like age and stent size. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. This Systematic review and meta‐analysis incorporated 11 observational studies. PSI exhibited a lower risk of restenosis requiring reintervention (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13, 0.87, p = 0.02) and significantly higher 5‐year freedom from restenosis (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.11, 17.62, p = 0.04) compared to PBA, with no significant difference in procedure‐related complications. Meta‐regression analysis showed age and stent size insignificantly affecting restenosis risk. Our review supports PSI as the preferred revascularization strategy for PVS due to superior patency benefits, emphasizing its role as the initial treatment choice. Further research is warranted for validation, considering individual patient factors in treatment selection.