Clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics for prediction of new-onset atrial fibrillation in asymptomatic patients with atrial premature complexes

Backgrounds Identification of precursors of atrial fibrillation (AF) may lead to early detection and prevent associated morbidity and mortality. Atrial premature complexes (APCs) are commonly seen in healthy subjects. However, there was limited data about the clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics for prediction of new-onset AF in asymptomatic patients with APCs in the long-term follow up. Methods The Kosin University (No. 2014-02-04 ) 24-h holter monitoring, echocardiography, ECG database were reviewed from 2008 to 2016 to identify new- onset AF in patients with APCs. We analyzed demographic and clinical features and the nature of the APCs by ECG according to new-onset AF in those patients. Results Among 652 patients who underwent 24-h holter monitoring, 226 (34.4%) patients had new-onset AF. There was no difference of the baseline characteristics between new-onset AF group and non-AF group. In univariate analysis, hypertension (HTN), renal failure (CRF), high APC burdens, fastest APC running heart rate (HR), minimal HR, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume index, peak mitral flow velocity of the early rapid filling wave and tricuspid regurgitation grade were significantly associated with new-onset AF. In multivariate analysis, higher APCs burden ( P = 0.047), higher fastest APCs running HR ( P = 0.034) and lower minimal HR ( P = 0.025) were independent risk factors for new-onset AF in asymptomatic patients with APCs. Conclusion Higher APCs burden, higher fastest APCs running HR and lower minimal HR were associated with new-onset AF in asymptomatic patients with APCs in the long-term follow up.