Key result
Adults with Prader-Willi syndrome had a better metabolic profile, decreased trunk fat mass, and down-regulated proinflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to matched obese controls.
Why the study?
Do adults with Prader-Willi syndrome have different metabolic and adipose tissue signatures compared to matched obese controls?
Case-Control (n=84)
Do adults with Prader-Willi syndrome have different metabolic and adipose tissue signatures compared to matched obese controls?
Despite extreme adiposity, adults with Prader-Willi syndrome have a more favorable metabolic and inflammatory profile compared to matched obese controls, suggesting a unique phenotype of adipose tissue remodeling.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
PWS adults may show metabolic protection via scAT remodeling at matched fat mass; leaves open causal mechanisms in observational data.
CONTEXT: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), the most frequent syndrome of obesity, is a model of early fat mass (FM) development, but scarce data exist on adipose tissue characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare metabolic, fat distribution, and transcriptomic signatures of sc adipose tissue (scAT) in PWS adults, with matched obese adults with primary obesities. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Hormonal and metabolic assessments, systemic inflammation, and gene expression in scAT were compared between PWS patients and obese controls (OCs). Each 42nd PWS patient was matched with one randomly paired control with primary obesity. Matching factors were age, gender, fat mass (percentage), and diabetic status. RESULTS: Compared with OCs, the PWS group had a decreased percentage of trunk FM and a better metabolic profile with decreased insulin and homeostasis model assessment, an index of insulin-resistance, and increased concentrations of serum adiponectin and ghrelin. Adipocyte size relative to body fat was significantly higher in PWS vs OCs. scAT in PWS patients was characterized by a transcriptomic functional signature with enrichment of themes related to immunoinflammation, the extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis. A RT-PCR targeted study revealed that candidate genes encoding proinflammatory markers and remodeling molecules, CD68, CD3e, IL-1β, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, collagen type 4-α, and lysyl oxidase, were down-regulated. CONCLUSION: Matched for FM, PWS subjects have a better metabolic profile, a phenotype that could be linked to changes in scAT remodeling and promotion of adipocyte growth.
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Lacroix et al. (2014) conducted a case-control in Prader-Willi syndrome (n=84). Prader-Willi syndrome vs. Matched obese controls with primary obesity was evaluated on Hormonal and metabolic assessments, systemic inflammation, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adults with Prader-Willi syndrome had a better metabolic profile, decreased trunk fat mass, and down-regulated proinflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to matched obese controls.
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