Key result
Bovine rotavirus was detected in 23% of diarrheic calves, with higher odds of infection in calves aged ≤5 weeks (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.5-6.5) and crossbred calves (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1-5.8).
Why the study?
Bovine rotavirus is considered the leading cause of calf diarrhea worldwide, including Bangladesh, prompting evaluation of its risk factors and genotypes.
Cross-Sectional (n=200)
Yes
Odds Ratio: 3.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.5)
Bovine rotavirus is associated with 23% of calf diarrhea cases in Bangladesh, with G6P[11] as the predominant genotype, suggesting it as a target for future vaccines.
Surveillance should target high-risk districts and younger crossbred calves; leaves open whether G6P[11]-based vaccines will control BRV diarrhea.
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is considered the leading cause of calf diarrhea worldwide, including Bangladesh. In this study we aimed to identify risk factors for BRV infection and determine the G and P genotypes of BRV strains in diarrheic calves. Fecal samples were collected from 200 diarrheic calves in three districts between January 2014 and October 2015. These samples were screened to detect the presence of BRV using rapid test-strips BIO K 152 (RTSBK). The RTSBK positive samples were further tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the silver staining technique to detect rotavirus dsRNA. Risk factors were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The G and P genotypes of BRV were determined by RT-PCR and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method using CLC sequence viewer 8.0. About 23% of the diarrheic calves were BRV positive. The odds of BRV infection were 3.8- (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0-14.7) and 3.9-times (95% CI:1.1-14.2) higher in Barisal and Madaripur districts, respectively, than Sirrajganj. The risk of BRV infection was 3.1-times (95% CI: 1.5-6.5) higher in calves aged ≤ 5 weeks than those aged >5 weeks. Moreover, the risk of BRV infection was 2.6-times (95% CI:1.1-5.8) higher in crossbred (Holstein Friesian, Shahiwal) than indigenous calves. G6P[11] was the predominant genotype (94.4%), followed by G10P[11] (5.6%). The BRV G6 strains were found to be closest (98.9-99.9%) to Indian strains, and BRV G10 strains showed 99.9% identities with Indian strain. The VP4 gene of all P[11] strains showed >90% identities to each other and also with Indian strains. The most frequently identified BRV genotype was G6P[11]. About 23% of calf diarrhea cases were associated with BRV. To control disease, high-risk areas and younger crossbred calves should be targeted for surveillance and management. The predominant genotype could be utilized as the future vaccine candidate or vaccines with the dominant genotype should be used to control BRV diarrhea in Bangladesh.
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Ahmed et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Diarrhea in calves (n=200). Age ≤ 5 weeks vs. Age > 5 weeks was evaluated on Bovine rotavirus (BRV) infection (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.5). Bovine rotavirus was detected in 23% of diarrheic calves, with higher odds of infection in calves aged ≤5 weeks (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.5-6.5) and crossbred calves (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1-5.8).
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