Key result
Prolonged inspiratory resistive loaded breathing elicited significantly greater subjective aversive responses and maintained magnitude estimation in females compared to males.
Why the study?
Does gender affect the magnitude estimation and subjective ratings of prolonged inspiratory resistive loaded breathing in healthy subjects?
Cross-Sectional
Does gender affect the magnitude estimation and subjective ratings of prolonged inspiratory resistive loaded breathing in healthy subjects?
Females exhibit increased aversive processing and maintain magnitude estimation during large sustained inspiratory resistive loads compared to males.
Suggests gender may shape dyspnea reporting; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change clinical assessment.
Dyspnea and fear of suffocation are burdensome to patients with respiratory disease. Inspiratory resistive loads offer an experimental respiratory stimulus to quantify the discriminative domain of respiratory perception. Resistive (R) load magnitude estimation (ME) and subjective ratings were measured over sustained multiple breaths in healthy subjects. There was no significant group difference between the ME for Breath 1 and 20 for small R loads, but a significant gender difference for large R loads. Subjective responses of fear, fear of suffocation, displeasure, chest pressure, faintness, dizziness, fear of losing control, trembling, and tingling were significantly greater for females. These results demonstrate that ME of large resistive sustained loads elicits nonsignificant increases in ME in females, but a significant decrease in ME for males. The maintenance of ME in females co-occurs with increased aversive processing relative to males.
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Miller et al. (2014) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy. Inspiratory resistive loads vs. Males was evaluated on Resistive load magnitude estimation (ME) and subjective ratings. Prolonged inspiratory resistive loaded breathing elicited significantly greater subjective aversive responses and maintained magnitude estimation in females compared to males.
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