Key result
Numerical simulation demonstrated that stent expansion significantly increases blood flow rate and vascular wall pressure at the stenosis, while the impact of blood load on stent stress is negligible.
Why the study?
Research on fluid-structure coupling has mostly examined the post-expansion state, leaving the factors affecting stent expansion unclear.
Does the stent expansion process affect blood flow rate and vascular wall pressure in a computational model of a stenotic artery?
Does the stent expansion process affect blood flow rate and vascular wall pressure in a computational model of a stenotic artery?
Computational modeling demonstrates that the stent expansion process significantly increases blood flow rate and pressure on the vascular wall, suggesting that minimizing the duration of clinical stent implantation may reduce vascular wall stress.
Stent expansion effects need in vivo confirmation; leaves open clinical relevance of simulated flow and pressure changes.
Hitherto, research on the fluid-structure coupling of coronary stents has mostly considered the state after stent expansion following implantation. However, the factors and how they affect stent expansion are as yet, unclear. To further investigate stent expansion, this paper proposes a model combining balloon, stent, and blood using Solidworks. Thereafter, a co-simulation using ANSYS Workbench is implemented using the methods of finite element and finite volume, to analyze bidirectional fluid-structure coupling during the expansion of a balloon-expandable stent, for periodically varying blood loads. By comparing the blood flow rate in the vessel, pressure on the endovascular wall, and the pressure and stress on the stent system at different points in time, it can be seen that the higher the blood flow rate, the greater the pressure on the endovascular wall and stent system. Furthermore, the larger the volume of the implant, the greater the maximum blood flow rate and maximum pressure on the endovascular wall, and the more drastic the change along the axis. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that the stent expansion process has a significant effect on the blood flow rate and pressure on the vascular wall; however, the impact of blood load on stent stress can be ignored.
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Bai et al. (2020) studied Coronary heart disease (simulated vascular stenosis). Balloon-expandable stent expansion simulation vs. Stent-free blood vessel simulation was evaluated on Blood flow rate, endovascular wall pressure, and stent stress. Numerical simulation demonstrated that stent expansion significantly increases blood flow rate and vascular wall pressure at the stenosis, while the impact of blood load on stent stress is negligible.
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