Observations at numerous cross sections in a side weir channel showed that the total energy of flow decreases substantially along the channel, contrary to the assumption that has frequently been made. The decrease in total energy occurs because the longitudinal component of velocity of the spill flow is greater than the longitudinal velocity of the flow remaining in the channel. A satisfactory flow equation is derived from momentum principles and this is further developed into a computer technique for calculating flow profiles and spill discharges for side weirs.
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El-Khashab et al. (1976) studied this question.