Novel genotyping and genetic heterogeneity of chicken parvovirus in central and Eastern China

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Whole-genome similarity heatmap and phylogenetic tree. (Heatmap): Whole-genome similarity comparison between 18 CKPV strains and 55 reference strains. (Tree): Phylogenetic tree of CKPV and reference strains based on whole genomes, constructed using the maximum likelihood method with the GTR+G + I model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. The colors in the outer regions of the heatmap and phylogenetic tree distinguish different viruses.

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  Fig. 2. NS1 protein similarity heatmap and phylogenetic tree. (Heatmap): NS1 protein similarity analysis between CKPV and 55 reference strains. (Tree): Phylogenetic tree of CKPV based on the NS1 protein, constructed using the maximum likelihood method with the JTT+G + I model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates.

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  Fig. 3. VP1 protein similarity heatmap and phylogenetic tree. (Heatmap): VP1 protein similarity analysis between CKPV and 55 reference strains. (Tree): Phylogenetic tree of CKPV based on the VP1 protein, constructed using the maximum likelihood method with the JTT+G model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates.

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  Fig. 4. VP2 protein similarity heatmap and phylogenetic tree. (Heatmap): VP2 protein similarity analysis between CKPV and 47 reference strains (8 strains without clearly defined VP2 coding regions were excluded from the original 55 reference strains). (Tree): Phylogenetic tree of CKPV based on the VP2 protein, constructed using the maximum likelihood method with the JTT+G + I model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates.

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  Fig. 5. P-distance frequency distribution and collapsed NJ tree for the VP2 coding region sequences of CKPV. (A): P-distance frequency distribution among the VP2 coding region sequences of 108 CKPV and TuPV strains (including 18 experimental strains). (B): Collapsed NJ tree derived from the VP2 sequences of the 108 strains. (C): P-distance frequency distribution among the VP2 sequences within CKPV-1. (D): Collapsed NJ tree derived from the VP2 sequences of 89 CKPV-1 strains. (E): P-distance frequency distribution among the VP2 sequences within CKPV-2. (F): Collapsed NJ tree derived from the VP2 sequences of 19 CKPV-2 strains. All phylogenetic trees are rooted with two goose parvovirus strains.

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  Fig. 6. Representative recombinant CKPV strain and predicted recombination events with composite breakpoints indicated by the line intersection.

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  Fig. 7. Amino acid mutation sites and frequency distribution of coding regions in 18 CKPV strains. (A) NS1, (B) VP1, and (C) VP2 represent the amino acid mutation sites for the three coding region proteins, showing the amino acid changes before and after the mutations and the mutation frequency among the 18 CKPV strains. The reference strain used is ABU-P1.