We report a new technique to apply strain to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser. This has allowed us to study the relation between strain and birefringence. We have found that the corresponding tensor is anisotropic, with a measured anisotropy 2p44/(p11−p12)=4.7±0.6. This anisotropy explains the natural preference of the polarization for the [110]/[11̄0] axes.
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Doorn et al. (1996) studied this question.