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September 8, 2026Open Access

Longitudinal Magnetic-Field Modulation of Electron Dose Distributions in Homogeneous and Layered Tissue-Equivalent Phantoms

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Authors

AEAlireza Ehtesham

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Overview

Monte Carlo simulation study demonstrates central-axis electron dose modulation without beam narrowing in tissue phantoms, indicating limited broad-beam magnetic focusing.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the impact of longitudinal magnetic fields on electron dose distributions across clinical and high energies in homogeneous and layered tissue-equivalent phantoms.
  • Modeled monoenergetic parallel electron beams with a 20 cm² circular area incident on 20 cm cubic bone, muscle, and 3 cm bone–17 cm muscle layered phantoms.
  • Simulated 1,000,000 primary electrons per run across 27 configurations combining three energies (6, 20, 40 MeV), three longitudinal magnetic fields (0, 2, 5 T), and three target geometries using Geant4 11.4.2.
  • Scored dose distributions across a 256 × 256 × 256 grid with 0.78125 mm isotropic voxels.
  • Shifting from 0 T to 5 T changed central-axis R50 by −0.029 cm to +3.251 cm (predominantly at 20–40 MeV), while integral distal R50 changed minimally between −0.004 cm and +0.006 cm.
  • Lateral beam width reduction (FWHM) showed no consistent focusing effect, with changes ranging between −5.0% and +3.2% across configurations.
  • Median relative statistical uncertainty in slices receiving at least 20% of the maximum dose remained between 0.09% and 0.10%.

Cite This Study

Alireza Ehtesham (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd75858e84d0ff5b45e7chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22557923
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