Comprehensive review demonstrates advances in solar cell efficiency and cost reduction in global energy systems, highlighting photovoltaics as an essential driver for sustainable power.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most important renewable energy technologies. It is widely used because solar energy is clean, free and available in many parts of the world. The use of solar PV is increasing every year due to the high demand of electricity and environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. This review paper explains the basic working of solar PV system and different generations of solar cell technologies. The paper also discusses efficiency, cost, sustainability, service life and different applications of solar PV systems. Global development of solar PV and future technologies are also explained. Recent improvements in materials and manufacturing process have increased the performance of solar panels and reduced their cost. Although some challenges such as storage, recycling and weather conditions are still present, solar PV has become one of the best options for clean electricity generation. This review shows that solar PV technology will continue to grow in future and play an important role in sustainable energy development.
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Pareek et al. (2026) studied this question.
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