Prevalence of Opioid Side Effects in Patients with Protocolized Analgesia for the Management of Acute Postoperative Pain

Acute Postoperative Pain is the main model of acute pain that results from nociceptive stimulation, the result of direct and indirect aggression of a surgical act.70% of postsurgical patients suffer moderate pain, and 30% severe.Opioids are indicated to manage moderate to severe pain, their use triggers gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary among other side effects.The WHO considers a side effect or adverse reaction of a drug to the expected and harmful reactions of pharmacological agents.Objective: To know the prevalence of opioid side effects in postoperative patients who received protocolized analgesia.Material and methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study of patients who received protocolized analgesia with opioids from March -September 2018, at the "Specialty Hospital National Medical Center XXI Century".The study variables were demographic data, side effects (nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus, sedation, etc.).For the analysis of results, the SPSS version 22 program was used.Results: 320 records of patients who received opioid analgesia were included.The prevalence of side effects was 47% (140 patients).The opioids that are related to side effects were: intravenous morphine (nausea 17.8%, vomiting 16.4%), intravenous buprenorphine (sedation 7.1%), no case of respiratory depression. Conclusions:The prevalence of side effects in patients who received opioids for Acute Postoperative Pain was lower than that reported in other studies, possibly the anticipated use of antiemetics, and decreased analgesic doses of opioids.