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High efficiency continuous-wave operation of 1.53 µm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with buried tunnel junction grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) has been demonstrated. Devices show a high differential quantum efficiency of 46% and a singlemode power of 1 mW. Minimum threshold current and voltage are 0.45 mA and 1.3 V at room temperature, respectively for devices of 5 µm diameter.
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Nishiyama et al. (2003) studied this question.
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