What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Coronary heart disease. Intervention: Heavy cigarette smoking vs. Non-smokers. Primary outcome: Mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease (50 to 150% higher).

What question did this study set out to answer?

To re-evaluate the potential relationship between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular diseases in light of updated medical and epidemiological evidence.

July 9, 1960JAMA

Cigarette Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Key result

Heavy cigarette smoking is associated with 50 to 150% higher death rates from coronary heart disease in middle-aged men compared to non-smokers.

Why the study?

Does heavy cigarette smoking increase mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease in middle-aged men?

Population

Middle-aged men

Comparison

Heavy cigarette smoking vs Non-smokers

Design

Review

Authors

RPR S PaffenbargerStanford University RHRobert T. HydeHarvard University AWAlvin L. WingSt. Michael's Hospital

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Supports smoking cessation counseling in middle-aged men; leaves open causal confirmation from observational data.

Key Points

To re-evaluate the potential relationship between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular diseases in light of updated medical and epidemiological evidence.
Reviewed findings from multiple completed medical studies examining cigarette consumption and cardiovascular outcomes.
Assessed coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality patterns with a focus on middle-aged men comparing heavy smokers to non-smokers.
Nearly all evaluated medical studies demonstrate a statistical association between heavy cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease morbidity or mortality.
Coronary heart disease death rates in middle-aged men were 50% to 150% higher among heavy cigarette smokers than among non-smokers.

Structured PICO

Does heavy cigarette smoking increase mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease in middle-aged men?

Population

Middle-aged men

Exposure

Heavy cigarette smoking

Comparator

Non-smokers

Outcome

Mortality or morbidity from coronary heart diseasehard clinical

Main Result

Effect estimate: 50 to 150% higher

Heavy cigarette smoking is statistically associated with a 50 to 150% increase in coronary heart disease death rates among middle-aged men.

Limitations

Statistical association does not prove causation

Cite This Study

Paffenbarger et al. (1960) conducted a review in Coronary heart disease. Heavy cigarette smoking vs. Non-smokers was evaluated on Mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease (50 to 150% higher). Heavy cigarette smoking is associated with 50 to 150% higher death rates from coronary heart disease in middle-aged men compared to non-smokers.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9ff28417df3e2a23e61cb5 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1960.73020280007014d

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Cigarette Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Cite This Study

Cigarette Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider