December 7, 1964JAMA
The Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to Coronary Heart Disease
Why the study?
Does habitual consumption of 20 or more cigarettes per day increase the risk of total mortality and new manifestations of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men?
Population
4,120 middle-aged men (2,282 in Framingham, Mass and 1,838 in Albany, NY) under medical surveillance
Comparison
Habitual consumption of 20 or more cigarettes… vs Nonsmokers, former cigarette smokers, or pipe…
Design
Cohort
Follow-up
10 years (Framingham) and 8 years (Albany)
Authors
Discussion
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Member takes
Implication
Heavy smoking warrants cessation counseling in middle-aged men; leaves open causality and generalizability from observational cohorts.
Structured PICO
Does habitual consumption of 20 or more cigarettes per day increase the risk of total mortality and new manifestations of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men?
P
Population
4,120 middle-aged men (2,282 in Framingham, Mass and 1,838 in Albany, NY) under medical surveillance
I
Intervention
Habitual consumption of 20 or more cigarettes per day
C
Comparator
Nonsmokers, former cigarette smokers, or pipe and cigar smokers
O
Outcome
Total mortality and incidence of new manifestations of coronary heart disease (CHD)hard clinical
Heavy cigarette smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day) is associated with a roughly threefold increased risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men compared to nonsmokers or former smokers.
Cite This Study
Doyle et al. (1964) studied this question.