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September 8, 2026Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and MuscleOpen Access

Population‐Based Prediction Equations for Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Three‐Phase Validation Study in 13 582 Asian Adults

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Authors

HLHsi‐Yu LaiSZShu ZhangICI‐Tzu Chen

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Overview

Cohort study reveals accurate estimation of appendicular muscle mass using anthropometrics in Asian adults, indicating a scalable screening tool for sarcopenia without specialized imaging devices.

Key Points

  • To develop and validate accessible population-based prediction equations using anthropometric measurements for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Asian adults.
  • Conducted a three-phase study across cohorts totaling 13,582 adults from Taiwan (ILAS, n=2,780; NAHSIT, n=6,853) and Japan (NILS-LSA, n=3,949).
  • Validated existing NHANES models, derived new population-based equations using the NAHSIT cohort, and performed external validation in the independent Japanese cohort (NILS-LSA).
  • Evaluated model performance using R-squared, root mean square error (RMSE), and receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) based on AWGS 2019 sarcopenia criteria.
  • The newly derived equation incorporating sex, age, height, and weight yielded strong predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 1.45 kg) with minimal prediction bias (median error: 0.06 kg).
  • In the derivation cohort, this equation demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance for detecting low muscle mass (AUC = 0.90 for both sexes; sensitivity/specificity of 0.85/0.80 in males and 0.87/0.80 in females).
  • External validation in the independent Japanese cohort confirmed robust cross-population generalizability, maintaining high diagnostic capability (AUC = 0.90 in males and 0.85 in females).

Cite This Study

Lai et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa0091858e84d0ff5b47b2bhttps://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70360
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Development of prediction equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Japanese men and women2017 · 32 citations
  2. 2Development and validation of a new anthropometric equation to predict skeletal muscle mass in a heterogeneous Caucasian population2024
  3. 3Development and Validation of a Phase-Sensitive Bioelectrical Equation for Estimating Skeletal Muscle Mass Using DXA as Reference2025
  4. 4Predictive Model Development and Validation for Low Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in Chinese Older Adults2026
  5. 5The estimation model for appendicular skeletal muscle mass in US children and adolescents2026