Decay of metastable states: Mean relaxation time formulation

The mean relaxation time formalism introduced by Nadler and Schulten [J. Chem. Phys. 82, 151 (1985)] in their generalized moment expansion method is extended to a general diffusion process in arbitrary dimensions. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by calculating analytically the rate of noise-induced transitions in a bistable system with an isolated transition point. The rate formula obtained summarizes in a uniform manner much of what had been done before in this field. Limitations of its validity are discussed and a perturbation procedure to systematically improve it is proposed. The validity of our theoretical predictions for the rate is confirmed by comparing with exact numerical results.