In brief: In 1980 the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) developed a new fitness test to emphasize health-related physical fitness instead of motor/athletic fitness. The new test measures cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and low-back and hamstring strength and flexibility. These components can be measured in the field, reflect changes in exercise habits, and are related to some aspect of health.
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Blair et al. (1983) studied this question.
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