Race and ethnic differences in additive and multiplicative effects of depression and anxiety on cardiovascular risk

Starting from the obvious, we all know that depression increases the risk of obesity[1] cardiovascular conditions,[2] other chronic medical conditions,[3] and dying from suicide.[4] Assuming that associations in health are universal and one size fits all, medical and public health literature has historically ignored the potential group differences in paths and mechanisms that cause health and illness, and also consequences of having a health condition.[5] Thus, much is still to be learned about potential variations in the associations across demographic and socio-economic groups.