Key result
Pure heart rate reduction with ivabradine effectively treats stable angina when beta-blockers are contraindicated.
This review discusses the prognostic significance of heart rate in cardiovascular disease and pharmacological strategies for its reduction.
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Supports ivabradine for beta-blocker-intolerant stable angina; leaves open prospective outcome trials on heart rate reduction.
This article highlights the significance of heart rate as an independent risk factor and prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease and examines the pharmacological measures available that lead to effective heart rate reduction.
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Lena Izzat (2008) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease and stable angina. Heart rate reduction (e.g., ivabradine, beta-blockers) was evaluated. Elevated resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, and pure heart rate reduction with ivabradine is an effective treatment for stable angina when beta-blockers are contraindicated.
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