Key result
PISA and jet centerline decay techniques require further testing to account for complex cardiac dynamics.
Quantification of cardiac jets using PISA and centerline decay requires consideration of complex cardiac flow dynamics to improve clinical accuracy.
Clinicians should apply PISA and jet decay quantifications cautiously; leaves open reliable use pending realistic in vitro and in vivo validation.
Jet flows are consequences of many cardiac lesions. With the advent of color Doppler flow mapping, these jet flows can be visualized noninvasively. Currently, an intense effort is underway to quantify cardiac jet flows as a means to assess the severity of jet forming lesions. Two techniques, PISA and jet centerline decay, have been suggested as methods to quantify jet flow volume. Although both techniques are theoretically sound, both formulations are based on ideal flow conditions that may not be completely realized in cardiac chambers. Thus, the complex dynamics of cardiac jet flows must be considered as they may diminish the accuracy of flow rate calculations. However, realistic in vitro experiments that mimic the impact of cardiac flow conditions on converging flows and jets, combined with carefully controlled in vivo testing of both PISA and centerline techniques, may eventually produce clinically useful quantification formulations.
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Grimes et al. (1994) conducted a review in Cardiac lesions with jet flows. PISA and jet centerline decay techniques was evaluated. PISA and jet centerline decay techniques for quantifying cardiac jet flows require further realistic in vitro and in vivo testing to account for complex cardiac dynamics.
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