Improvement of Symptoms and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Abnormalities in Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Cardiovascular Syndrome (PASC-CVS) after Guideline-Oriented Therapy

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow chart of the study. CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

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  Figure 2. Therapy regimen for patients with long COVID-19 syndrome and cardiovascular symptoms and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) abnormalities. NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; HF: heart failure.

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  Figure 3. Time-dependent frequencies of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) abnormalities.

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  Figure 4. Improvement in clinical symptoms, increase in left ventricular ejection fraction, and decrease in pericardiac effusion after medical treatment in patients with long COVID-19 syndrome. (A) Frequency of symptoms at first (black columns) clinical presentation and after 3 months of medical treatment (orange columns); (B) individual changes in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with reduced left ventricular function at first clinical presentation (n = 25); and (C) pericardial effusion (n = 51) between baseline and follow-up.

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  Figure 5. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) of patients with cardiovascular long COVID-19 syndrome at first clinical presentation and after treatment at control. (A) Non-physiological pericardial effusion (white arrows) and (B) regression over a 3 month treatment period in a 53-year-old male patient. (C) Pleural effusion (blue arrows) at first clinical presentation in a 32-year-old male patient with long COVID-19 syndrome, with (D) complete regression after treatment 3 months later (bottom). (E) Baseline end-diastolic (left) and end-systolic (right) images of the left ventricle in a 42-year-old woman, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 45%, and (F) 3 months later, after treatment with an LVEF of 52% calculated by CMR.