Pulsed and continuous wave (CW) characteristics of visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presented. A simple thermal model which is used to calculate the temperature profile in a device under CW operation as a result of self-heating is described. It is shown that this type of simple model can, in conjunction with the measured pulsed characteristics as a function of ambient temperature, model the CW characteristics. The model is used to determine the effect of geometry, in particular mesa size and substrate thickness, on device performance.
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Pinches et al. (2000) studied this question.
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