Key result
Hypertension is linked to ~75% higher CAC prevalence, while hormone therapy is associated with lower prevalence.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to investigate the association between individual risk factors and coronary artery calcification, as a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease, in midlife women.
What risk factors are associated with coronary artery calcification in midlife women?
Cross-Sectional (n=295)
What risk factors are associated with coronary artery calcification in midlife women?
Relative Risk: 1.752 (95% CI 1.207–2.541)
p-value: p=0.003
In midlife women, hypertension and increasing age are associated with a higher risk of coronary artery calcification, whereas hormone therapy is associated with a lower risk.
Hypertension was associated with CAC presence and HT with its absence in midlife women; leaves open causal inference and any practice implications.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between individual risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC), as a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease, in a population-based nested cross-sectional study of midlife women. Anthropometric and metabolic data from 295 women from the South of Brazil were analyzed. Habitual physical activity was assessed by pedometer. CAC was assessed by a multi-detector computed tomography system. Average Agatston score was used to stratify participants as CAC > 0 and CAC = 0. Women with CAC > 0 (34.7%) were older (58.7 ± 5.4 vs. 56.3 ± 5.2 years, p < .001) and had higher prevalence of central adiposity (71 vs. 59%, p = .04) and hypertension (71 vs. 52%, p = .002) than women in the CAC = 0 group. Hormone therapy (HT) was more prevalent in the group with CAC = 0 (19.7 vs. 9.8%, p = .029). The prevalence ratios for CAC > 0 were 0.545 (95%CI:0.309–0.962, p = .036) for HT and 1.752 (95%CI:1.207–2.541, p = .003) for hypertension, after adjustment for age, educational level, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity. The present data in a population-based sample of midlife women indicate that hypertension and age were positively associated with higher risk for CAC > 0 and HT was related with CAC = 0.
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Oppermann et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Coronary artery calcification (n=295). Hypertension vs. No hypertension was evaluated on Coronary artery calcification (CAC) > 0 (PR 1.752, 95% CI 1.207-2.541, p=0.003). Hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcification (PR 1.752; 95% CI 1.207-2.541; p=0.003), whereas hormone therapy was associated with a lower prevalence.
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