Testosterone undecanoate – increase of oral bioavailability by nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)

Introduction Testosterone (T) has a poor bioavailability due to its extensive first pass metabolism by the liver. Therefore in commercial products lipidic derivatives of testosterone are used, e. g. testosterone undecanoate (TU) and testosterone enantate (TE). Still the oral bioavailability (BA) is very low, approx. about 7 % for TU in