Key result
A novel charge-based continuous-time analogue-to-digital converter achieved a compression ratio of approximately 26 for extracellular action potentials with a static power consumption of 3.75 µW.
A novel charge-based continuous-time ADC topology offers significant bandwidth savings and low power consumption for biosignal acquisition such as ECGs.
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Nonuniform sampling may cut biosignal data rates in wearables; leaves open clinical validation for arrhythmia or neural monitoring.
This paper investigates continuous-time (CT) signal acquisition as an activity-dependent and nonuniform sampling alternative to conventional fixed-rate digitisation. We demonstrate the applicability to biosignal representation by quantifying the achievable bandwidth saving by nonuniform quantisation to commonly recorded biological signal fragments allowing a compression ratio of ≈5 and 26 when applied to electrocardiogram and extracellular action potential signals, respectively. We describe several desirable properties of CT sampling, including bandwidth reduction, elimination/reduction of quantisation error, and describe its impact on aliasing. This is followed by demonstration of a resource-efficient hardware implementation. We propose a novel circuit topology for a charge-based CT analogue-to-digital converter that has been optimized for the acquisition of neural signals. This has been implemented in a commercially available 0.35 μm CMOS technology occupying a compact footprint of 0.12 mm2. Silicon verified measurements demonstrate an 8-bit resolution and a 4 kHz bandwidth with static power consumption of 3.75 μW from a 1.5 V supply. The dynamic power dissipation is completely activity-dependent, requiring 1.39 pJ energy per conversion.
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Maslik et al. (2018) studied Biosignal acquisition (ECG, EAP). Charge-based continuous-time analogue-to-digital converter vs. Conventional fixed-rate digitisation was evaluated on Compression ratio and power consumption. A novel charge-based continuous-time analogue-to-digital converter achieved a compression ratio of approximately 26 for extracellular action potentials with a static power consumption of 3.75 µW.
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