Research Advances in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a condition characterized by myocardial injury resulting from the rupture of the coronary artery intima or the formation of an intramural hematoma and is unrelated to atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported that SCAD accounts for 1% to 4% of cases of acute coronary syndrome in patients, with 90% of these patients being women. The widespread use of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography has significantly improved the diagnostic sensitivity of SCAD. Currently, specific clinical practice guidelines for SCAD are unavailable, and clinical decision-making relies primarily on observational data and expert recommendations. Therefore, further research on this condition will help guide clinical management and improve patient outcomes. On the basis of previous research findings and case reports, this review summarizes the latest advances in understanding the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of SCAD, with a focus on clinical diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and long-term management, thereby providing a reference for future clinical and scientific research.