The Atherogenic Index of Plasma demonstrated a good predictive capacity for detecting metabolic syndrome with an area under the curve of 0.84, outperforming the Castelli Risk Indices.
Cross-Sectional (n=128)
No
Do the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Castelli Risk Index I and II detect metabolic syndrome and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with different obesity subtypes?
AIP and CRI I & II are low-cost, moderately reliable tools for screening the general population for cardiovascular disease risk, particularly in metabolically obese non-obese individuals.
Effect estimate: AUC 0.84
p-value: p=<0.0001
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MS), identified by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia, occurs across all BMI (body mass index) ranges and increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) diseases and type II diabetes. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Castelli Risk Index (CRI) I & II are ratios that can be calculated from a simple lipid profile test. These ratios are independent risk factors for CV diseases and have been shown to be increased in angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. This study aimed to assess CV risk across the different subtypes of obesity: metabolically obese non-obese (MONO), metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically obese obese (MOO), and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) using AIP and CRI I & II and to study the association of AIP, CRI I & II with other CV risk factors such as total body fat percentage (BF%), visceral fat percentage (VF%), and BMI. Assessing CV risk in an individual based on the person's subtype of obesity using ratios calculated from simple lipid profile parameters may prove beneficial to developing better screening strategies. METHODS: not having MS) groups. AIP and CRI I & II were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: MONO, MHNO, MOO, and MHO constituted 26 (20.3%), 48 (37.5%), 28 (21.8%), and 26 (20.3%) of the 128 subjects, respectively. AIP ≥0.24 was found in 16 (61.5%) of MONO and in 16 (51.1%) of MOO subjects. CRI-I >4 was found in 19 (73.1%) and 16 (57.1%) subjects of the MONO and MOO groups, respectively. Eleven (42.3%) and 12 (42.9%) of MONO and MOO subjects, respectively, had CRI-II >3. Pearson's correlation revealed for AIP r=0.32, p=0.000 and r=0.43, p=0.000 with VF% and BMI, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for AIP and CRI I & II to detect the presence of MS were 0.84, 0.74, and 0.73, respectively. CONCLUSION: CV risk, as assessed by AIP and CRI I & II in the different subtypes of obesity, was found to be highest in the MONO group, followed by the MOO group. With BMI and VF%, AIP showed a moderately positive linear correlation. API and CRI could be tools of low cost and moderate reliability in screening the general population for risk of CV disease.
Raaj et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Subtypes (n=128). Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Castelli Risk Index (CRI) I & II vs. Metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) subjects was evaluated on Detection of metabolic syndrome (Area Under the Curve) (AUC 0.84, p=<0.0001). The Atherogenic Index of Plasma demonstrated a good predictive capacity for detecting metabolic syndrome with an area under the curve of 0.84, outperforming the Castelli Risk Indices.