A Retrospective Study for the Evaluation of Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Its Correlation With Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents

Figures

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  Figure 1. Path diagram based on EFA The path diagram depicts structural relationships, showing interdependencies between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, insulin, FBS) and hormonal markers (LH, AMH). A directed graph with nodes representing markers (e.g., HOMA-IR, LH, AMH) and arrows indicating significant paths, color-coded by factor, with path coefficients displayed. EFA: Exploratory factor analysis; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; LH: Luteinizing hormone; AMH: Anti-Müllerian hormone

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  Figure 2. Scree plot for factorization A line graph plotting eigenvalues against factor numbers, with a clear elbow at Factor 5. The x-axis lists factors (1–10), and the y-axis shows eigenvalues (0–4). The scree plot helps confirm that five factors are sufficient to capture the key patterns in the data. Factors with eigenvalues >1 (Kaiser criterion) or those before the elbow are typically retained. In this study, the five factors account for a moderate 36.4% of variance, suggesting a complex dataset with multiple underlying dimensions.

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  Figure 3. Correlogram of biochemical variables A color-coded heatmap with a gradient from blue (positive correlations) to red (inverse correlations), displaying biochemical markers on both axes. Strong correlations (e.g., HOMA-IR and insulin) are depicted in blue with numerical r-values overlaid. HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance

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  Figure 4. Heatmap of median biochemical values across PCOS phenotype groups A color-coded heatmap displaying standardized median values (z-scores) of 27 biochemical variables across four PCOS phenotype groups: Group A (Hyperandrogenism + Ovulatory dysfunction + Polycystic ovaries, n = 14), Group B (Hyperandrogenism + Ovulatory dysfunction, n = 42), Group C (Hyperandrogenism + Polycystic ovaries, n = 5), and Group D (Ovulatory dysfunction + Polycystic ovaries, n = 12). Z-scores are calculated as (median - mean) / SD across groups for each variable. Red indicates higher values (z-score > 0), green indicates lower values (z-score < 0), and yellow represents values near the mean (z-score ≈ 0). Key trends include elevated HOMA-IR and insulin in Group D, reflecting severe insulin resistance, and higher QUICKI in Group A, indicating better insulin sensitivity. Group C shows elevated FBS, SGOT, and chloride, suggesting potential metabolic stress, while Group B has a higher Na:Cl Ratio, indicating less electrolyte imbalance. PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; QUICKI: Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; FBS: Fasting blood sugar;…