Evaluation of Biochemical Serum Markers for the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Obese Women in Kazakhstan: Is Anti-Müllerian Hormone a Potential Marker?

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow chart representing the selection of subjects for the control group (n = 46), obese women without polycystic ovary syndrome (no PCOS: n = 67), and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS: n = 25).

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  Figure 2. Comparison between control group (n = 46) and study groups (obese group with or without PCOS (PCOS: n = 25; no PCOS: n = 67)) in terms of age and body mass index (BMI). (A) Age; (B) BMI. Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test and post hoc Dunn’s test. **** p < 0.0001. Median and IQR.

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  Figure 3. Comparison between control group (n = 46) and study groups (obese group with or without PCOS (PCOS: n = 25; no PCOS: n = 67) in terms of serum levels of hormones. (A) Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) protein concentration; (B) serum testosterone protein concentration; (C) serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level of enzymatic activity; (D) serum luteinizing hormone (LH) level of enzymatic activity; (E) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of enzymatic activity; (F) serum estradiol protein concentration; (G) serum progesterone protein concentration; (H) serum prolactin protein concentration; (I) serum insulin level of enzymatic activity; (J) serum adiponectin protein concentration; (K) serum resistin protein concentration. Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test and post hoc Dunn’s test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Median and IQR.

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  Figure 4. ROC analysis of AMH specificity and sensitivity as a biomarker for PCOS diagnosis. Black circles indicate the pair of [sensitivity%] and [100% − specificity%] for each value of AMH level in the blood serum of obese women with or without PCOS.

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  Figure 5. Comparison between control group (n = 46) and study groups (obese group with or without PCOS (PCOS: n = 25; no PCOS: n = 67)) in terms of serum metabolites. (A) Serum glucose level; (B) serum glycated hemoglobin level; (C) serum cholesterol level; (D) serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level; (E) serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level; (F) serum triacylglycerol level. Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test and post hoc Dunn’s test. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Median and IQR.

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  Figure 6. Correlation coefficients from Spearman correlation analysis of AMH and hormonal parameters including testosterone, FSH, LH, TSH, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and insulin for patients from the control group (no obesity, no PCOS; n = 46), obese patients without polycystic ovary syndrome (no PCOS; n = 67), and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; n = 25). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.