A strain of Escherichia coli O111:H21 recently isolated in the United Kingdom harbored the phage-encoded vtx2c gene and the aggregative adherence plasmid. Although exhibiting the same pathogenic profile as the E. coli O104:H4 strain linked to the outbreak in Germany, there were important differences in strain characteristics and in the epidemiological setting.
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Dallman et al. (2012) studied this question.