Key result
Higher levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were significantly associated with more severe acute pulmonary embolism, with GDF-15 predicting adverse events (AUC 0.796) and NT-proBNP predicting mortality (AUC 0.889).
Why the study?
Cardiac biomarkers have been studied to predict acute pulmonary embolism outcomes, and this study aimed to explore their predictive power on prognosis.
Do cardiac biomarkers predict mortality and adverse events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism?
Observational (n=47)
No
Do cardiac biomarkers predict mortality and adverse events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism?
Effect estimate: AUC 0.796 (95% CI 0.653-0.899)
Elevated levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 are strong prognostic biomarkers for predicting mortality and adverse events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
May aid acute PE risk stratification; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before changing practice.
Background Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a common clinical condition. Its severity ranges from asymptomatic radiological findings to fatal obstructive shock. Cardiac biomarkers have been studied to predict APE outcomes. This study aimed to explore their predictive power on prognosis in APE. Material and Method It was a prospective observational study between March 2008 and April 2010. All consecutive patients diagnosed with APE were categorized as massive/high-risk, submassive/moderate-risk, and non-massive/low-risk. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), myoglobin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), and D-dimer levels were measured. Results Of these patients, 14 (29.8%), 16 (34.0%), and 17 (36.2%) patients were categorized as low-risk, moderate-risk, and high risk-patients, respectively. There was no significant difference between the patient groups categorized based on the risk stratification in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The cTnT, myoglobin, HFABP, and D-dimer levels have also not differed significantly between the groups. There was a significant difference between the groups in respect of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 levels (p = 0.009 and p = 0.037, respectively). Nine (19.1%) patients had died by the 3rd-month follow-up. Adverse events were seen in 26 (55.3%) patients. GDF-15 had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value for predicting any adverse event (cut-off value = 9.3 ng/mL, AUC = 0.796, CI (confidence interval) 95%: 0.653–0.899). NT-ProBNP was determined as the best predictor for mortality (cut-off value = 229.2 pg/mL, AUC = 0.889, CI 95%: 0.756–0.964). Conclusion Higher levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were found to be associated with more severe APE, worse outcomes, and mortality.
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Sağcan et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Acute pulmonary embolism (n=47). Elevated cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP and GDF-15) vs. Lower levels of cardiac biomarkers was evaluated on Development of short-term or long-term adverse events (AUC 0.796, 95% CI 0.653-0.899). Higher levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were significantly associated with more severe acute pulmonary embolism, with GDF-15 predicting adverse events (AUC 0.796) and NT-proBNP predicting mortality (AUC 0.889).
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