Heat and Flow Characteristics of Magnetohydrodynamic TiO₂-Blood Sisko Nanofluid over a Non-Linear Stretching Surface with Thermal Radiation Effect

The current study explores the heat transfer and flow characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic titanium dioxide-blood nanofluid over a non-linear stretching surface. The analysis is motivated by applications in biomedical engineering and advanced heat transfer systems. Employing the Sisko fluid model, the governing equations for momentum and heat transfer are formulated under the influence of thermal radiation and magnetic field. The equations are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method in the computational tool MATLAB. The results demonstrate that the non-linear stretching parameter significantly impacts the velocity gradient and skin friction coefficient. Enhanced thermal conductivity due to titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases the fluid's temperature, while the magnetic parameter introduces a Lorentz force that reduces thermal boundary layer thickness. Additionally, thermal radiation and nanoparticle concentration exhibit competing effects, with radiation enhancing heat dissipation and nanoparticles improving heat retention. The findings highlight the potential of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in optimizing MHD systems for applications such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia treatments and energy-efficient heat exchangers.