Intermediate-Term Outcomes for Patients With Submassive Pulmonary Embolism Treated With Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the intermediate-term outcomes for patients receiving catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for submassive pulmonary embolism (PE). BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown improvements in right ventricular (RV) function and dilation at 24 hours when CDT was used to treat submassive PE. METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting with submassive PE treated with directed t-PA infusion at a single center were identified and included in this study. Outcomes included cardiovascular mortality, RV function by echocardiogram, 30-day readmission, and major bleeding. RESULTS: The study population was 79 patients with submassive PE; 46% were men, with an average age of 58 years and an average pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score of 108. One patient died of cardiovascular causes during the index hospitalization. There were no additional deaths within 30 days of admission. The observed 30-day mortality rate was low compared with that predicted by PESI (1.3% vs 4.0%-11.4%). Fifty-two patients had follow-up echocardiography available for evaluation after CDT. Of these, 62% showed return to normal RV function and size, and 19% demonstrated mild residual RV dysfunction or dilation. Eight patients (10%) had a hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge, including 6 admissions due to cardiopulmonary complications or minor bleeding and 2 for non-cardiopulmonary or bleeding-related reasons. The observed readmission rate of 10% was similar to historic rates of 12.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate-term follow-up for CDT demonstrates high success rates with low adverse event rates. Further randomized data are needed to study the long-term benefits of CDT.