Urinary biomarkers predict advanced acute kidney injury after cardiovascular surgery

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Urinary levels of five biomarkers after cardiovascular surgery. The vertical box represents the 25th percentile (bottom line), median (middle line) and 75th percentile (top line) values, whereas the vertical bars represent the intervals between maximum and minimum values. a Creatinine-normalized urinary hemojuvelin (uHJV). b Creatinine-normalized urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1). c Creatinine-normalized urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL). d Creatinine-normalized urinary α-glutathione S-transferase (uα-GST). e Creatinine-normalized urinary π-glutathione S-transferase (uπ-GST). *p < 0.05. AKI, acute kidney injury

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  Fig. 2. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the best prediction model for advanced acute kidney injury. The best biomarker panel combination alone (thick dashed line), clinical risk prediction model alone (thin dashed line) and combination of the clinical risk prediction model and combined biomarker panel (solid line) are shown at hour 3 (a), hour 6 (b), hour 12 (c) and hour 24 (d). The clinical risk prediction model is calculated from Liano’s score. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are also shown

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  Fig. 3. Urinary biomarker concentrations related to advanced acute kidney injury (AKI). The creatinine-normalized biomarker concentrations were analyzed by unsupervised clustering to determine their relationship to advanced AKI. Full-length view of the cluster diagram has cases orientated along the vertical axis and biomarkers orientated along the horizontal axis. α-GST, α-glutathione S-transferase; π-GST, π-glutathione S-transferase; HJV, hemojuvelin; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; UCr, urinary creatinine