The Cardio‐Renal‐Anemia Syndrome in Elderly Subjects With Heart Failure and a Normal Ejection Fraction: A Comparison With Heart Failure and Low Ejection Fraction

The prevalence and severity of anemia and renal dysfunction in heart failure patients with a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is uncharacterized. Two hundred eighty-five consecutive patients admitted to a community hospital with heart failure were stratified by the presence or absence of anemia and a normal or reduced ejection fraction. Comparisons of clinical variables were performed. In this sample, 62% of subjects were anemic, with no difference between those with a normal and a reduced ejection fraction (63% vs. 61%). Anemic HFNEF subjects had a lower glomerular filtration rate (37 +/- 21 mL/min vs. 52 +/- 35 mL/min; p < 0.05) and more severe self-reported symptom scores than nonanemic HFNEF subjects. Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of renal dysfunction and anemia. The authors conclude that the degree and magnitude of anemia in elderly inpatients with heart failure does not differ by ejection fraction. Worse symptoms and more severe renal dysfunction were seen in HFNEF subjects with anemia than in HFNEF subjects without anemia.