Estimation of Arterial Viscosity Based on an Oscillometric Method and Its Application in Evaluating the Vascular Endothelial Function

Figures

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  Figure 1. Examples of measured cuff pressure, cuff pressure waves and differentiated waves of cuff pressure: (a) pre-cuff occlusion waves from a healthy participant (Sub. 1); (b) post-cuff occlusion waves from a healthy participant (Sub. 1); (c) pre-cuff occlusion waves from a participant at a high risk of arteriosclerosis (Sub. 30); (d) post-cuff occlusion waves from a participant at a high risk of arteriosclerosis (Sub. 30).

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  Figure 2. Estimated results of viscosity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{{k}_{r}\eta }{V}$$\end{document}krηV during the ezFMD test: (a) average viscosity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{{k}_{r}\eta }{V}$$\end{document}krηV of the healthy participants; (b) average viscosity of the subjects at a high risk of arteriosclerosis.

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  Figure 3. Estimated viscosity of healthy participants and participants at a high risk of arteriosclerosis: (a) comparison of pre- and post-cuff occlusions; (b) comparison of the change ratio of arterial viscosity %η.

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  Figure 4. ROC analysis results.

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  Figure 5. Force-velocity (load-velocity) curves19.

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  Figure 6. Pre- and post-cuff occlusion changes in the muscle mechanical characteristics and viscosity calculated from the relationships of the slope of tangent: (a) healthy participants; (b) participants at a high risk of arteriosclerosis.

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  Figure 7. Schematic of an artery in the upper arm surrounded by a cuff.

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  Figure 8. Overview of the proposed examination system.