The Significant growth of wind and photovoltaic generation experienced in many countries around the world will soon challenge the ability of transmission system operators (TSOs) to guarantee the security of supply. To cope with such future low-carbon electricity systems, it is imperative to increase the portfolio of flexibility sources in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. This is likely to require exploring solutions beyond the use of traditional players connected at higher voltages, such as fast-acting generation plants and large customers.
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Ballanti et al. (2017) studied this question.
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