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September 12, 2026ESC Heart FailureOpen Access

Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Indian Patients with Heart Failure Visiting Outpatient Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

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Why the study?

Data on heart failure phenotypes in India remain limited.

Population

1,207 adult HF outpatients with documented EF at centres across India

Comparison

HFrEF vs HFmrEF vs HFpEF

Design

Multicentre retrospective cross-sectional analysis

Key result

Higher BMI (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.10-1.65) and systolic blood pressure (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.37-1.60) were associated with higher odds of HFpEF in Indian outpatients.

Authors

KSKamal SharmaJMJ C MohanSSShantanu P. Sengupta

Discussion

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Overview

Findings in Indian outpatients should not yet change practice; extends evidence to South Asian cohorts and remains hypothesis-generating.

Key Points

  • To evaluate clinical characteristics and determinants associated with heart failure phenotypes defined by ejection fraction in an outpatient setting.
  • Conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 1,207 adult heart failure outpatients with documented ejection fraction across multicenter clinics in India between April 2021 and March 2023.
  • Categorized patients by ejection fraction into HFrEF (≤40%), HFmrEF (41–49%), and HFpEF (≥50%).
  • Identified independent factors associated with heart failure phenotypes using multivariable logistic regression models.
  • Among 1,207 outpatients, HFrEF was observed in 68.1% (n=822), HFpEF in 24.5% (n=296), and HFmrEF in 7.4% (n=89), with ischaemic heart disease occurring more frequently in HFrEF (66% vs 56%, p=0.002).
  • HFpEF was independently associated with higher systolic blood pressure (OR 1.48 per 10 mmHg, 95% CI 1.37–1.60), higher BMI (OR 1.35 per 5 kg/m2, 95% CI 1.10–1.65), and history of stroke (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.11–3.54).
  • Elevated NT-proBNP (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.40–0.53) and diabetes (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.83) were significantly associated with lower odds of HFpEF, reflecting a predominant association with HFrEF.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=1,207)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

P
Population
1,207 adult heart failure outpatients in India, evaluated to identify clinical characteristics associated with heart failure phenotypes based on ejection fraction.
O
Outcome
Factors associated with heart failure phenotype (HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF)

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.35 (95% CI 1.1–1.65)

In an Indian outpatient cohort, HFpEF was associated with higher BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, and stroke, while HFrEF was associated with higher NT-proBNP and diabetes.

Cite This Study

Sharma et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Heart failure (n=1,207). Higher body mass index (per 5 kg/m2) was evaluated on Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) phenotype (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.65). Higher BMI (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.10-1.65) and systolic blood pressure (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.37-1.60) were associated with higher odds of HFpEF in Indian outpatients.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa51ebf327956e4761f8993https://doi.org/10.1093/eschf/xvag236
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Also Consider

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