Association Between Body Size Phenotypes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Definition of cardiometabolic abnormalities and body size phenotypes and description of their prevalence by gender. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. HOMA was calculated through the following formula: Fasting Serum Insulin Level (Microunits per Milliliter) × Fasting Plasma Glucose Level (Millimoles per Liter)/22.5.

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  Figure 2.. Subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by 2D-vascular ultrasound and noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in all participants (observed outcomes). Percentages of outcomes within each body size phenotype. Number of plaques (panel A) was assessed using two-dimensional vascular ultrasound, whereas coronary artery calcium score (panel B) was obtained by noncontrast CCT. The multi-territorial extent (panel C) was defined by the combination of both imaging techniques and classified subjects as disease-free (0 vascular sites affected) or having focal (1 site), intermediate (2 to 3 sites), or generalized atherosclerosis (4 to 6 sites) (10). Abbreviations: M.H., metabolically healthy; M.U., metabolically unhealthy.

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  Figure 3.. Unadjusted and adjusted risk for subclinical atherosclerosis by body mass index and cardiometabolic abnormalities. Unadjusted (red estimates) and adjusted (blue estimates) are both reported. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, physical activity level, alcohol intake, resting sleeping patterns, eating patterns, and psychosocial characteristics.

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  Figure 4.. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between subclinical atherosclerosis and body size phenotypes. Panel A shows OR (95% CI) for the number of plaques assessed by two-dimensional vascular ultrasound (2DVUS), whereas panel B displays the estimates for coronary artery calcium score, and panel C for the multi-territorial extent. Unadjusted (black estimates) and adjusted (blue estimates) are reported in all panels. The model was adjusted by age, gender, smoking status, physical activity level, alcohol intake, resting sleeping patterns, eating patterns, and psychosocial characteristics.