Relationship between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review

Hypertension, one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, has become a global public health problem. The pathogenesis of hypertension has not been fully elucidated to date. Known risk factors for hypertension include atherosclerosis, obesity, dyslipidemia, among others. In addition, physical exercise, diet, traditional Chinese medicine, antibiotics and probiotics also play important roles in the occurrence and development of hypertension. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can participate in the occurrence and development of hypertension through a series of processes involving the regulation of endocrine and host metabolism. This article provides a brief summary of the current understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of hypertension, aiming to provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in the future.