The Dilemma of Ethical Recipients of Xenotransplantation under the Biopsychosocialmedical Model

In recent years, there have been continuous reports of new breakthroughs in clinical xenotransplantation, indicating that xenotransplantation is expected to become the main method of clinical transplantation. However, at present, clinical workers mostly focus on technological development and current clinical trial ethical principles, to some extent neglecting the psychological and social adaptability of individuals. The biopsychosocial medical model not only acknowledges the influence of biological factors on individuals but also recognizes the role of psychological and social factors in human health and disease. Therefore, this article discusses and analyzes the ethical issues of xenotransplantation recipients from the perspective of the biopsychosocial medical model: human integrity, consciousness, and personality changes; pre-transplant psychological cognition and acceptance level, post-transplant psychological adaptation; social rejection, fair distribution of transplantation rights. Corresponding solutions are provided, including the establishment of a personality database, popularization of relevant knowledge, strengthening medical insurance coverage, providing humanistic care, conducting psychological analysis, enhancing self-regulation awareness, encouraging social acceptance, formulating relevant social systems, rationalizing surgical costs, and issuing effective laws and regulations. It is hoped that the rationalization of xenotransplantation in the ethical field can be achieved as soon as possible, which can not only save and prolong the lives of patients, and provide a higher quality of life, realizing the inherent value of life, but also promote the development and improvement of xenotransplantation technology, advancing more humane applications.