Key result
Cardiac electrophysiology changes dramatically during development due to altered L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels.
Developmental changes in cardiac ion channels, particularly Ca2+ channels, result in significant electrophysiological differences between immature and adult hearts, highlighting the need for specific considerations when treating neonates and children.
Warrants age-specific caution in pediatric arrhythmia care; leaves open prospective validation of developmental ion channel models.
The electrophysiology of the heart changes dramatically during development. These changes in electrical properties are caused by changes in the number (density) and types of ion channels, with resultant changes in the magnitude and kinetic properties of the various types of ionic currents. The alterations in the ion channels are resposible for the changes in the resting potential and characteristics of the action potentials. In this review, we focused on the developmental changes of the L-type Ca2+ channel (especially its regulation via β-adrenoceptor, and muscarinic acetylcholine agonsist, tyrosine kinase) and the T-type Ca2+ channel. As mentioned in this review, the immature heart differs from the adult heart in both size and function. Therefore, we have to pay attention to the characteristics of the immature heart when we treat neonates and children.
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Yasuhiro Katsube (2006) conducted a review in Cardiomyocyte development. The electrophysiology of the heart changes dramatically during development due to alterations in the density, types, and regulation of ion channels, particularly L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels.
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