Key result
Obesity is linked to ~161% greater odds of high sodium intake.
Why the study?
High sodium intake is an established risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases, but factors associated with high sodium intake measured by 24-h urinary sodium excretion needed investigation.
What demographic and anthropometric factors are associated with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=798)
Yes
What demographic and anthropometric factors are associated with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults?
Odds Ratio: 2.611 (95% CI 1.519–4.488)
p-value: p=<0.001
Obesity, male gender, young age, and urban living are significant risk factors for high sodium intake among Malaysian adults, highlighting target populations for dietary interventions.
Supports targeted sodium screening in at-risk Malaysian subgroups; leaves open causality and need for prospective trials.
BACKGROUND: High sodium intake was an established risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion from the MyCoSS study. METHODS: The cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia. A multi-stage stratified sampling was used to represent nationally. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from a total of 900 respondents. Indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method was used to measure sodium intake. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion. RESULTS: A total of 798 respondents (76% response rate) completed the 24-h urine collection process. Logistic regression revealed that high sodium intake associated with obese [aOR 2.611 (95% CI 1.519, 4.488)], male [aOR 2.436 (95% CI 1.473, 4.030)], having a waist circumference of > 90cm for adult males [aOR 2.260 ( 95% CI 1.020, 5.009) and >80cm for adult females [aOR 1.210 (95% CI 0.556, 2.631)], being a young adult [aOR 1.977 (95% CI 1.094, 3.574)], and living in urban areas [aOR 1.701 (95% CI 1.094, 2.645)]. CONCLUSION: Adults who are obese, have a large waist circumference, of male gender, living in urban areas, and belonging to the young adult age group were found to have higher sodium intake than other demographic groups. Hence, reduction of salt consumption among these high-risk groups should be emphasised to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Aziz et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in High sodium intake (n=798). Obesity vs. Normal BMI was evaluated on High sodium intake (>2000 mg/day) (aOR 2.611, 95% CI 1.519-4.488, p=<0.001). Obesity was significantly associated with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults (aOR 2.611), along with male gender, large waist circumference, young adult age, and urban residence.
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