Typical microstructures of sintered for at were mixtures of larger and smaller grains. Well-grown and homogeneous grains of were observed by adding an extra amount of barium oxide from stoichiometric composition or extending the sintering time to . Such an extra amount of barium oxide is expected to decrease chemical stability in a wet atmosphere, and we observed the precipitation of yttria after sintering. However, we did not meet such difficulties in sintering . Large and uniform grains were observed in by sintering for .
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Imashuku et al. (2007) studied this question.
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