Key result
The overall global positive rate of foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs was 4.17%, with higher infection rates associated with free-range farming and tropical monsoon climates.
Why the study?
Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, febrile, highly contagious animal disease affecting pigs, cattle, and sheep, warranting meta-analysis of the global infection rate and risk factors in pigs.
What is the global prevalence and what are the risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in pigs?
Meta-Analysis (n=118,827)
What is the global prevalence and what are the risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in pigs?
The global seropositivity rate of swine FMDV is 4.17%, with variations based on geography, climate, and farming practices, highlighting the need for targeted immunization and intensive farming.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious animal disease caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which affects pigs, cattle and sheep.The overall infection rate and risk factors of FMDV in pigs around the world were meta-analyzed.A comprehensive search was conducted on Ovid Technologies (Ovid), CNKI, Wanfang, Embase, VIP Chinese Journal Database (VIP), Web of Science and other databases to search for relevant studies published so far.A random effects model was used to calculate combined seropositivity estimates with 95% confidence intervals (ci) and data from 15 countries and regions around the world were analyzed.The results showed that the total positive the rate of swine FMDV was 4.17%.Among continents, Europe has the highest infection rate and Asia the lowest.The infection rate of boars was higher than that of sows.In the analysis of climate subgroups, the infection rate of countries and regions with tropical monsoon climate, it was the highest (55.15%).In the subgroup analysis of sampling time, the overall trend was downward.In the subgroup analysis of aquaculture management, the infection rate of free-range aquaculture (13.58%) was the highest.There are still many foot-and-mouth disease areas around the world.While protecting animal welfare, we will pay more attention to timely immunization of pig herds according to the immunization plan, promote the transition from free range to intensive farming, strengthen disinfection and cleaning work, reduce the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease and create more foot-and-mouth disease-free areas.
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A 2025 study conducted a meta-analysis in Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection (n=118,827). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) exposure was evaluated on Overall positive rate (seroprevalence) of FMDV. The overall global positive rate of foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs was 4.17%, with higher infection rates associated with free-range farming and tropical monsoon climates.
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