Key result
Cardiac sarcoidosis requires multimodality diagnostics and early anti-inflammatory therapy combined with heart failure treatments.
Why the study?
Cardiac sarcoidosis manifestations are heterogeneous, diagnosis is challenging, and cardiac involvement worsens prognosis, warranting a summary of current understanding from diagnosis to treatment.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of cardiac sarcoidosis, highlighting the need for multimodality diagnostic approaches and a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments.
Cardiac sarcoidosis signals higher mortality risk; leaves open validated diagnostic algorithms before routine screening.
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Its clinical presentations are heterogeneous and virtually any organ system can be affected, most commonly lungs. The manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are heterogenous depending on the extent and location of the disease and range from asymptomatic forms to life-threatening arrhythmias as well as to progressive heart failure. Cardiac involvement is associated with a worse prognosis. The diagnosis of CS is often challenging and requires a multimodality approach based on current international recommendations. Pharmacological treatment of CS is based on administration of anti-inflammatory therapy (mainly corticosteroids), which is often combined with heart failure medication and/or antiarrhythmics. Nonpharmacological therapeutic approaches in CS cover pacemaker or defibrillator implantation, catheter ablations and heart transplantation. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of CS including its epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic possibilities.
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Kysperska et al. (2021) conducted a review in Cardiac sarcoidosis. Diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis was evaluated. Cardiac sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disease requiring a multimodality diagnostic approach and early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy, often combined with heart failure and antiarrhythmic treatments.
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