Key result
Diet-induced metabolic syndrome impairs aortic vasodilation but preserves renal vasodilation with divergent PPARγ/Akt expression.
Why the study?
Underlying mechanisms associated with vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome remain unclear and can vary across vascular beds.
How does metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet affect vascular function and PPARγ expression in different vascular beds in rabbits?
How does metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet affect vascular function and PPARγ expression in different vascular beds in rabbits?
Metabolic syndrome affects vascular function and PPARγ signaling differently depending on the vascular bed, causing dysfunction in the aorta but preserving function in the renal artery.
Vascular responses to metabolic syndrome differ by arterial bed in rabbits; leaves open bed-specific PPARγ/Akt mechanisms for targeted preclinical study.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Underlying mechanisms associated with vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unclear and can even vary from one vascular bed to another. METHODS: In this study, MetS was induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet, and after 28 weeks, aorta and renal arteries were removed and used for isometric recording of tension in organ baths, protein expression by Western blot, and histological analysis to assess the presence of atherosclerosis. RESULTS: MetS induced a mild hypertension, pre-diabetes, central obesity and dyslipidaemia. Our results indicated that MetS did not change the contractile response in either the aorta or renal artery. Conversely, vasodilation was affected in both arteries in a different way. The aorta from MetS showed vascular dysfunction, including lower response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, while the renal artery from MetS presented a preserved relaxation to acetylcholine and an increased sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside. We did not find vascular oxidative stress in the aorta from MetS, but we found a significant decrease in PPARγ, phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS) protein expression. On the other hand, we found oxidative stress in the renal artery from MetS, and PPARγ, Akt and p-Akt were overexpressed. No evidence of atherosclerosis was found in arteries from MetS. CONCLUSIONS: MetS affects vascular function differently depending on the vessel. In the aorta, it decreases both the vasodilation and the expression of the PPARγ/Akt/eNOS pathway, while in the renal artery, it increases the expression of PPARγ/Akt signalling pathway without decreasing the vasodilation.
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Guerra‐Ojeda et al. (2021) studied Metabolic syndrome. High-fat, high-sucrose diet vs. Control diet was evaluated on Vascular function (contractile response and vasodilation) and protein expression (PPARγ, Akt, eNOS). Metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet decreased vasodilation and PPARγ/Akt/eNOS expression in the aorta, but increased PPARγ/Akt expression with preserved vasodilation in the renal artery.
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